U-70 (Russian: У-70) is the proton synchrotron for energy of 70 GeV, built in 1967 in Institute for High Energy Physics in Protvino (near Serpukhov, Russia). The energy of the accelerator was a record high at the time of construction, and still U-70 is a most high-energy accelerator in Russia. In 1970 U-70 scientists team has been awarded the Lenin Prize for the development and commisioning of the synchrotron.
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The complex operates in pulsed mode. Protons are accelerated to 30 MeV by linear accelerator URAL-30. Then they are injected into the fast-cyclic booster synchrotron U-1.5 having 100-m perimeter, where protons are accelerated to 1.32 GeV. Then the protons are injected to the U-70. After this, an acceleration cycle takes place for 9 sec, when protons are accelerated to the maximum energy of 76 GeV, and then, they are extracted from the ring to the secondary beams in the experimental halls. U-70 has perimeter about 1.5 km. Focusing structure type is FODO (strong focusing). The total weight of the magnetic system of over 20 000 t.
| The main parameters of the synchrotron[1] | |
|---|---|
| The maximum proton energy, Emax | 76 GeV |
| Injection energy, Emin | 1.32 GeV |
| Perimeter, P | 1483.63 m |
| Pulse repetition frequency | 0.11 Hz |
| The frequency of the accelerating voltage, frf | 5.5-6.1 MHz |
| Multiplicity HF | 30 |
| Betatron frequency, νx = νy | 9.75-9.85 |
| The intensity of the beam of protons per pulse, Np | 1.7×1013 |
The prior injection of U-70 was a 100 MeV linear accelerator I-100 (till 1985).
In mid 1980 there was started a project of the UNK accelerator-storage complex, a proton-proton collider for energy of 3 × 3 TeV. It was planned that synchrotron U-70 becomes an injector for the collider ring. But the project was stopped because of the dissolution of the Soviet Union.